I am certified with the Council for Professional Dog Trainers-this certification required the study of Learning Theory, Ethology, Husbandry and Equipment in the form of 250 questions to pass the exam AND 300 hours of documented hands on experience. In addition, 30 hours of continuing education is required to maintain certification for each cycle. Continuing education is key for ALL dog trainers to stay current and offer the highest level of services to clients and their dogs. If you are looking for a trainer, ask about education and certification from an independent, reputable organization.